Conceptos

UNIT 1

 

 

DIGITAL IMAGE

A digital image is a two dimensional representation of an image from a numerical matrix, often in binary (ones and zeros). Depending on whether the resolution of the image is static or dynamic, can be a raster image (or bitmap) or a vector graphic. The bitmap format is the most widely used computer.

 

 

 

VECTOR IMAGE

 

A vector image is a digital image formed by independent geometric objects, each defined by various mathematical attributes of shape, position, color, etc. ç ...

 

BITMAP

 

An image in bitmap or raster image (a replica of), is a structure or data file representing a rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, called matrix, which can be displayed on a monitor, paper or other device representation.

 

 

 

IMAGE FORMATS

 

 

 

BMP (Bitmap bitmap =)

 

It has been widely used because it was developed for Windows applications.

The image is formed by a grid of pixels.

The BMP format is lossless quality and is therefore suitable for storing pictures that you want to manipulate later.

Advantages: Saves lots of image information.

Disadvantage: The file has a very large size.

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format = Graphic Interchange Format)

 

It has been designed specifically for compressing digital images.

Reduce the color palette to 256 colors (color depth of 8 bits).

Ranges allowed fewer colors and this optimizes the size of the file containing the image.

Advantage: It is an ideal format for publishing cartoons on the web.

Disadvantage: Not recommended for photographs of some quality or original as the real or true color using a palette of over 256 colors.

JPG-JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group = Photographic Experts Group)

 

Unlike GIF format supports a palette of 16 million colors.

It is the most common format with the GIF to post images on the web.

The JPEG compression may involve some loss of image quality. In most cases this loss can be assumed that reduces the file size and viewing is acceptable. It is advisable to use a quality 60-90% of the original.

Each time you modify and save a JPEG, you can lose some of its quality if true compression factor is defined.

Digital cameras often store images directly in JPEG format with high quality and no compression.

Advantage: It is ideal for publishing photographs on the web as long as dimensions and compression properly configured.

Drawback: If a compression factor is defined quality deteriorates. It is therefore not advisable to file origin

Editing: The editing digital addresses supported on computers editing digital images, commonly ungráfico raster, in most cases photos or scanned documents. These images are edited to optimize, manipulate, retouch, etc. in order to achieve the goals deseada.Una goal may be to remove the faults that may have occurred during the scan modes or for subjects such overexposure bajaexposición, lack of contrast noise in the image, the red eye effect, paradox perspective parallel lines, etc. These failures are caused by technical defects in cameras, scanner, poor working conditions, failure to operate or original Defective

 

 

UNIT 2

 

CREATION OF AUDIO AND VIDEO

 

To start editing in Digital Audio and Video in Windows you need some minimum requirements on your computer or computer as a good processor and RAM very good because this type of editing is very resource on your PC.

 

By having these features you should look online and purchase specialized software for this purpose have in Movie Maker already installed on Windows XP, Vista and Seven7 or more complete as Roxio, Nero for Windows just to name a few.

 

By having these applications installed on your PC and you have all your video editing and digital audio.

 

Remember that the most used audio formats is 128 Kbps mp3 Mays as it has excellent quality audio and video formats and is very varied and you get from wmv, mpeg2, mpeg4, 3gp etc. each of these formats will give you video quality which have to analyze where you are going to use video to DVD, VCD or upload videos to social networks or at least upload it to your mobile.

 

 

 

AUDIO PROCESSING

 

 

 

 

 

A digital signal is not audible because it needs to be decoded before being played. However, the coding and subsequent decoding of a digital signal for hearing has several advantages but also some drawbacks.

 

advantages

The discrete signal (digital) is easier to transmit, store or handle (in the case of sound edit, compress, etc).

The digital signal is immune to noise. The digital signal is less sensitive than analog interference, etc.

You can sample a sound and change any of its parameters to generate a different sound without having to recreate it in reality. (The applications of this advantage in the generation of special effects is infinite).

The digital signal allows for infinite multi-generation lossless.

Faced with the loss of a certain amount of information, the digital signal can be reconstructed thanks to the signal regeneration system (also used to amplify without introducing distortion). It also has, with detection and correction of errors, for example, allow you to enter the value of a damaged sample, obtaining the mean value of adjacent samples (interpolation).

The digital signal can be sent to almost anywhere in the world at any time at a very low cost through internet and from there can be forwarded to the shipper or any other destination. This signal without suffering severe variations or alterations of quality.

Over time it does not degrade

disadvantages

A previous analog-digital conversion and subsequent decoding, at the time of reception is needed.

There is an inherent loss of information when converting continuous discrete information. For minimal and insignificant a there is always a quantization error that prevents the digital signal is exactly equivalent to the analog originated.

The digital signal requires more bandwidth for transmission than analog. Accurately also requires synchronization between the transmitter clock time, with respect to the receiver. A gap, however small, completely changes the signal.

If lossy compression is used, it is impossible to reconstruct the original signal.

 

DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND

The sound, in physics, is any involving propagation phenomenon as elastic waves (audible or not), generally through a fluid (or other elastic means) generating the vibratory movement of a body.

 

The sound is humanly audible sound waves that occur when the oscillations of air pressure are converted into mechanical waves in the human ear and perceived by the brain. The propagation of sound is similar to the fluid, where the sound takes the form of fluctuations in the solids presión.1 sound propagation involves variation of the stress state of the medium.

 

 

Size: the bigger will be a more serious instrument that produces sound, the smaller will be sharper sound.

 

     The length: the longer a lowest string is the sound, the shorter sharper, so there are instruments with strings of different length. Also the longer pipe is a wind instrument, the more severe their sound and the shorter sharper.

 

     Tension: the tense is a string, is sharper, deeper sound and the less tense.

 

     Pressure: the higher the air pressure will be sharper sound and vice versa.

 

 

 

 

 

SOUND EFFECT

 

A sound effect or audio effect is a sound generated artificially modified, or process sound, employee or artistic content in film, television, recorded music, video games, cartoons purposes, representations live theater or music and other media. In film and television productions, the sound effects are recorded and played to give a narrative or creative content without the use of dialogue or music. The term is often applied to a process applied to a recording, not the recording itself. In professional film and television production, dialogue, music and sound effects are treated as elements separados.Ni dialogues and music are among the sound effects, although they apply processes such as reverberation or flanging, which could be understood as